I picked up this 1800's clay pipe that had a broken off stem that I did what I believe would be a historical style repair to it. What I did was carefully opened up the air passage in what was left of the shank and inserted a reed stem in it. Shockingly it wasn't all that hard to do and brought back this piece of history to smoke-able condition. This was a fun project to do and it smoke well for such an oldie.