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perdurabo

Lifer
Jun 3, 2015
3,305
1,582
Currently 25 states and the District of Columbia have medical cannabis programs. On Nov. 8, Arkansas, Florida and North Dakota will vote on medical cannabis ballot initiatives, while Montana will vote on repealing limitations in its existing law.
We have no political position on cannabis legalization. We study the cannabis plant, also known as marijuana, and its related chemical compounds. Despite claims that cannabis or its extracts relieve all sorts of maladies, the research has been sparse and the results mixed. At the moment, we just don't know enough about cannabis or its elements to judge how effective it is as a medicine.

What does the available research suggest about medical cannabis, and why do we know so little about it?

What are researchers studying?

While some researchers are investigating smoked or vaporized cannabis most are looking at specific cannabis compounds, called cannabinoids.

From a research standpoint, cannabis is considered a "dirty" drug because it contains hundreds of compounds with poorly understood effects. That's why researchers tend to focus on just one cannabinoid at a time. Only two plant-based cannabinoids, THC and cannabidiol, have been studied extensively, but there could be others with medical benefits that we don't know about yet.

THC is the main active component of cannabis. It activates cannabinoid receptors in the brain, causing the "high" associated with cannabis, as well as in the liver, and other parts of the body. The only FDA-approved cannabinoids that doctors can legally prescribe are both lab produced drugs similar to THC. They are prescribed to increase appetite and prevent wasting caused by cancer or AIDS.

Cannabidiol (also called CBD), on the other hand, doesn't interact with cannabinoid receptors. It doesn't cause a high. Seventeen states have passed laws allowing access to CBD for people with certain medical conditions.
Our bodies also produce cannabinoids, called endocannabinoids. Researchers are creating new drugs that alter their function, to better understand how cannabinoid receptors work. The goal of these studies is to discover treatments that can use the body's own cannabinoids to treat conditions such as chronic pain and epilepsy, instead of using cannabis itself.

Cannabis is promoted as a treatment for many medical conditions. We'll take a look at two, chronic pain and epilepsy, to illustrate what we actually know about its medical benefits.

Is it a chronic pain treatment?

Research suggests that some people with chronic pain self-medicate with cannabis. However, there is limited human research on whether cannabis or cannabinoids effectively reduce chronic pain.

Research in people suggest that certain conditions, such as chronic pain caused by nerve injury, may respond to smoked or vaporized cannabis, as well as an FDA-approved THC drug. But, most of these studies rely on subjective self-reported pain ratings, a significant limitation. Only a few controlled clinical trials have been run, so we can't yet conclude whether cannabis is an effective pain treatment.

An alternative research approach focuses on drug combination therapies, where an experimental cannabinoid drug is combined with an existing drug. For instance, a recent study in mice combined a low dose of a THC-like drug with an aspirin-like drug. The combination blocked nerve-related pain better than either drug alone.

In theory, the advantage to combination drug therapies is that less of each drug is needed, and side effects are reduced. In addition, some people may respond better to one drug ingredient than the other, so the drug combination may work for more people. Similar studies have not yet been run in people.

Well-designed epilepsy studies are badly needed

Despite some sensational news stories and widespread speculation on the internet, the use of cannabis to reduce epileptic seizures is supported more by research in rodents than in people.

In people the evidence is much less clear. There are many anecdotes and surveys about the positive effects of cannabis flowers or extracts for treating epilepsy. But these aren't the same thing as well-controlled clinical trials, which can tell us which types of seizure, if any, respond positively to cannabinoids and give us stronger predictions about how most people respond.

While CBD has gained interest as a potential treatment for seizures in people, the physiological link between the two is unknown. As with chronic pain, the few clinical studies have been done included very few patients. Studies of larger groups of people can tell us whether only some patients respond positively to CBD.

We also need to know more about the cannabinoid receptors in the brain and body, what systems they regulate, and how they could be influenced by CBD. For instance, CBD may interact with anti-epileptic drugs in ways we are still learning about. It may also have different effects in a developing brain than in an adult brain. Caution is particularly urged when seeking to medicate children with CBD or cannabis products.

Cannabis research is hard

Well-designed studies are the most effective way for us to understand what medical benefits cannabis may have. But research on cannabis or cannabinoids is particularly difficult.

Cannabis and its related compounds, THC and CBD, are on Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act, which is for drugs with "no currently accepted medical use and a high potential for abuse" and includes Ecstasy and heroin.

In order to study cannabis, a researcher must first request permission at the state and federal level. This is followed by a lengthy federal review process involving inspections to ensure high security and detailed record-keeping.

In our labs, even the very small amounts of cannabinoids we need to conduct research in mice are highly scrutinized. This regulatory burden discourages many researchers.

Designing studies can also be a challenge. Many are based on users' memories of their symptoms and how much cannabis they use. Bias is a limitation of any study that includes self-reports. Furthermore, laboratory-based studies usually include only moderate to heavy users, who are likely to have formed some tolerance to marijuana's effects and may not reflect the general population. These studies are also limited by using whole cannabis, which contains many cannabinoids, most of which are poorly understood.

Placebo trials can be a challenge because the euphoria associated with cannabis makes it easy to identify, especially at high THC doses. People know when they are high.

Another type of bias, called expectancy bias, is a particular issue with cannabis research. This is the idea that we tend to experience what we expect, based on our previous knowledge. For example, people report feeling more alert after drinking what they are told is regular coffee, even if it is actually decaffeinated. Similarly, research participants may report pain relief after ingesting cannabis, because they believe that cannabis relieves pain.

The best way to overcome expectancy effects is with a balanced placebo design, in which participants are told that they are taking a placebo or varying cannabis dose, regardless of what they actually receive.

Studies should also include objective, biological measures, such as blood levels of THC or CBD, or physiological and sensory measures routinely used in other areas of biomedical research. At the moment, few do this, prioritizing self-reported measures instead.

Cannabis isn't without risks

Abuse potential is a concern with any drug that affects the brain, and cannabinoids are no exception. Cannabis is somewhat similar to tobacco, in that some people have great difficulty quitting. And like tobacco, cannabis is a natural product that has been selectively bred to have strong effects on the brain and is not without risk.

Although many cannabis users are able to stop using the drug without problem, 2-6 percent of users have difficulty quitting. Repeated use, despite the desire to decrease or stop using, is known as cannabis use disorder.

As more states more states pass medical cannabis or recreational cannabis laws, the number of people with some degree of cannabis use disorder is also likely to increase.

It is too soon to say for certain that the potential benefits of cannabis outweigh the risks. But with restrictions to cannabis (and cannabidiol) loosening at the state level, research is badly needed to get the facts in order.
This was found on MedicalExpress, published in October 2016. Authors: Kimsey&Ranesh

 

mayfair70

Lifer
Sep 14, 2015
1,968
3
We're good Perdurabo. :) I don't fight. I disseminate knowledge, truth and the American Way. :nana:
I tried to explain in our last discourse about NIH studies in Israel and REAL research. This article from Newsweek corroborates my previous assertions. There are currently more than 60 identified cannabinoids. Kimsey and Ranesh may need to brush up on their knowledge of the current science involved.
http://www.newsweek.com/2015/12/25/outsourcing-american-marijuana-research-406184.html
I don't like the idea of casually using MJ for recreation as it is a powerful mind altering substance with profound effects on the human body. It is not for everyone and should be treated with extreme caution. It is crazy to think it can be safely smoked at bars, and then people be allowed to drive home. 8O
I'm really glad Kevin himself posted this thread. :clap:

 

perdurabo

Lifer
Jun 3, 2015
3,305
1,582
I on the other hand Say "hell yea", to causally smoking Cannabis and have no problem as long as the government stays out of the way( Disclaimer: I'm also in favor of a Cascadia on the west coast and will help those poor wretches all I can). Government doesn't do anything right except train soilders, and we know congressmen haven't a hand in that, besides to redistribute our private property to the cause. As for Medical Cannabis, Mayfair we part company as we already know, I say it's all balderdash, but really it matters not except for the sheer hypocrisy of the matter.

 

ophiuchus

Lifer
Mar 25, 2016
1,653
2,507
There are agencies I don't feel are qualified to make these decisions for us, the Federal Government and the Supreme Court both being at the top of this list.
Marijuana smokers have been the underdogs for generations, less ill-behaved than the drinkers and "hard drug" users (the overgeneralization here is acknowledged). The perception that marijuana smokers have been inappropriately denied privilege has been gaining snowballing momentum for over thirty years. Meanwhile, tobacco smokers, once the smoldering, inconsiderate majority of the American population (over 60% in the 1960s), are now suffering the consequences of generations of thoughtless public rudeness. I wonder how much of these cultural movements really intersect.
The fact that, as explained effectively above, big tobacco got caught bullshitting and manipulating the consumer public, as well as big pharmacy (the next generations monster) having considerable interest in the destigmatization and subsequent descheduling of cannabinoids, contribute to this continental drift.

 

newbroom

Lifer
Jul 11, 2014
6,414
10,624
North Central Florida
Between eggs in a cast iron skillet and Cheech and Chong, we've all got this marijuana thing stereotyped, categorized, classified, and boogey manned.

It's about the freedom to use tobacco or marijuana, or alcohol, or viagra.

Beware of four hour munchie fests.

 

bigpond

Lifer
Oct 14, 2014
2,019
14
Davet said:

After ten years of pain killers I switched to a topical cream made with Cannabis. No more pain killers except for exceptionally bad days. :clap:

That's great Dave!
I agree the article is pretty hazy and not well considered. As an opinion piece I'm a little surprised Kevin agreed to publish it.
As a one time Amsterdam resident I'm all for pot pubs. People that want pot will find ways to get it, pot pubs (and favorable legislation) just allow people to do so without breaking the law all while generating massive amounts of cash for local govt.

 

perdurabo

Lifer
Jun 3, 2015
3,305
1,582
I ask can Big Cig and Big Pharma stand on their own? I know for a fact that Big Cig has been toppled by government with the help from jolly feel good mothers, now they make their way back to the competition begging from the table of technocrats in Washington. They use lobbyist just like every other business does. They pad the coats of well do gooder congressmen, sent there by all of us who cast down a vote for them, (Not going politics here, just stating the obvious) Which this is all very legal it should seem. It's really just cronyism. It's not capitalism, which would allow these businesses to succeed and fail by their own hand or by the publics interest in them. Im not into this new populist jargon where we blame business when it's the tit that feeds the fire. As far as its relation to pot and tobacco, they both need to be left to individuals who know how to grow them, and we who consume them. If tobacco calms the nerves of one man and cannabis helps fill the belly of another when deathly ill, then no man should get in the way of these remedies.
Just be careful what you wish for, Cannabis is a miracle worker today, but tomorrow she could be turned into a demon by the very persons who wish to topple a giant.

 

rhoadsie

Can't Leave
Dec 24, 2013
414
21
Virginia, USA
"THC, it seems, causes cancer cells to kill themselves."
Can you cite any credible authority for that little snippet?
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/cannabis-pdq#section/_7
Specifically...
Cannabinoids may cause antitumor effects by various mechanisms, including induction of cell death, inhibition of cell growth, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis invasion and metastasis.[9-12] Two reviews summarize the molecular mechanisms of action of cannabinoids as antitumor agents.[13,14] Cannabinoids appear to kill tumor cells but do not affect their nontransformed counterparts and may even protect them from cell death.

 

p4ttythep3rf3ct

Might Stick Around
Mar 2, 2015
71
16
https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/patient/cannabis-pdq
"Cannabis has been shown to kill cancer cells in the laboratory (see Question 6)."
You can also Google it to your heart's content.

 

perdurabo

Lifer
Jun 3, 2015
3,305
1,582
Cannabinoids may cause antitumor effects by various mechanisms, including induction of cell death, inhibition of cell growth, and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis invasion and metastasis.[9-12] Two reviews summarize the molecular mechanisms of action of cannabinoids as antitumor agents.[13,14] Cannabinoids appear to kill tumor cells but do not affect their nontransformed counterparts and may even protect them from cell death.
In humans or in rats? Also it's a.gov site.....Follow the money

 

perdurabo

Lifer
Jun 3, 2015
3,305
1,582
http://scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org/2012/07/25/cannabis-cannabinoids-and-cancer-the-evidence-so-far/
Read with the 2016 Article by two leading experts(now expert could mean anything) looks like we have a little mis-info, but like I said man should be able to do what he wants. If it helps him none should say nay.

 

drwatson

Lifer
Aug 3, 2010
1,721
7
toledo
THC, it seems, causes cancer cells to kill themselves."
:rofl:
Now tell my mother,neighbor,and one of my best friends that: All hoped it would cure and all died from different forms of cancer.......

 

mawnansmiff

Lifer
Oct 14, 2015
7,899
8,913
Sunny Cornwall, UK.
"Now tell my mother,neighbor,and one of my best friends that: All hoped it would cure and all died from different forms of cancer......."
Indeed, a spurious claim with spurious credentials.
Regards,
Jay.

 

deathmetal

Lifer
Jul 21, 2015
7,714
36
In case the memo didn't get to you:
1. New Rome is falling
2. America is breaking up
Prepare yourselves accordingly, and best of luck!

 

rhoadsie

Can't Leave
Dec 24, 2013
414
21
Virginia, USA
:rofl:

Now tell my mother,neighbor,and one of my best friends that: All hoped it would cure and all died from different forms of cancer.......
One should never endorse nor blindly believe in any chemical, natural or synthetic, as a magic bullet to cure any ailment. Depending on the type and stage of cancer, you might as well tuck your head between your legs and kiss your arse goodbye and not have any illusions about the outcome.
I sympathize for the loss of your mother, neighbor, and your friend. Hopefully you don't :rofl: whenever someone attempts to find a way to slow or cure cancer.

 
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