I guess I should comment on shotguns as well, since they've been mentioned quite a bit.
I own shotguns chambered in .410, 28ga., 12ga. and 10ga.
The .410 is ideal for small game, and would also serve pretty well as a home defense weapon, especially with 3" magnum loads.
The 28ga. wouldn't be bad either, but it's hard to find anything other than bird loads for them. It is my Dove gun of choice by the way. That little double barrel is a blast to shoot!
The 10ga. I have is an American Arms SxS Turkey Special 3-1/2" magnum double barrel. It is an awesome thing to hold, shoot and just look at! Definitely intimidating, but not very practical for home defense.
I have a couple of 12ga. guns as well. My go-to being a Mossberg Ulti-Mag 3-1/2"magnum pump. It has two barrels with it (both ported), a 24" "turkey" barrel with fiber optic rifle sights, and a 28" "waterfowl" barrel, both with screw in chokes.
This shotgun has been through hell and back many times! It's been used to bust ice, used as a wading staff, boat paddle, snake bashing club, duck buster, and so forth. It has been completely submerged in both mud and water on numerous occasions, as well as being frozen.
It's had thousands upon thousands of rounds put through it, from the lightest 2-3/4" target loads, to full house 3-1/2" magnum turkey loads (which will punish your shoulder, damn near break your jaw, and stomp a mud hole in your ass!)
It's my beater gun, and rarely gets a cleaning, but has NEVER failed me!
Shotguns are hard to beat for anything, but for home defense I'd still rather have a handgun.
Handguns are a lot easier to handle in close quarters.