What you're referring to has been dubbed
terroir--the influence of soil, weather, and all other environmental factors in determining the characteristics of a food crop. For a lengthy discussion of it,
read here. Right now the coffee industry is heartily embracing this concept and passing the awesomeness on to you, the consumer.
@ Cyndi--broadly speaking, there are three main regions that produce coffee--the Americas (central & south), Africa, and the Indonesian / South Pacific. Coffee only grows in tropical climates; ''European'' blends are a flavor profile and not a provenance. Again to speak broadly, and mainly of Arabica beans, African coffees tend toward sweetness and fruity/winey flavor, Central & South American tend toward a fuller body and more acidity, and Pacifics tend toward milder spiciness with much fuller body. With all the renewed investment in the industry and the introduction of the concept of single estates and even single-portion crops (yes, they're buying coffee from sections of plots as small as a few meters now) one is able to indulge a world tour of taste-testing at the nearest specialty cafe. I've spent some time in GA and recall a great shop in 5 points; don't know if they're still open but imagine if they're not they've been replaced by several more by now; by your expression of what you like I'd recommend seeking out an Amazonian single-finca prepared with an immersion method (press pot or trifecta) if you want to totally geek out on it 8O