Agree with everything that's been said.
I don't think filters pose any benefit whatsoever. The draw on filtered cigarettes, for example, is so constricted that people inhale twice as hard to get the same effect... Same with the "light" versions, people would smoke more to compensate.
As for pipe filters, my only experience with them was that they do trap particulates and prevent you from smoking ash but other than that they ruin the draw, stink up your pipe, and are just another thing to buy and replace... Not inhaling will save your lungs a lot of damage, as would smoking outside, but your mouth and throat is still exposed to the smoke no matter what way you slice it... A filter won't mitigate those risks, IMO. So I personally choose to smoke without the filters to get a fuller taste and to do without the nasty residue that a filter left in your pipe until it's cooled will leave behind...
As Baron has touched on, the colouration on meerschaums is a result of tars and probably nicotine being absorbed into the mineral so it's probably cleaner tasting but not likely safer than briar or cob.