Buy a clay loaded with tobacco. Smoke it, then ... toss it in the Thames. Pick a clay off the rack break off a bit of the stem, load, light and enjoy with a pint. Set the reins down, load, stuff and smoke sitting on a stump while the wife fed the chickens. A hundred different smokers in different locales probably did just as a hundred different smokers today do ... whatever it took to get pleasant smoke. A comfortable chair at the club, a glass of port, stuff, light and enjoy.
I believe during most of the early history of pipe smoking the smoker stuffed, lit and smoked. Pretty much the same as today. We have more choices with regard to blends and pipes. But even back a century or more it was stuff, light and smoke.