Don't suppose you live near Alabama? I'd LOVE this challenge to happen!!!
Not really
You honestly believe you could ID an 320k MP3 file from an uncompressed file?
Again, "uncompressed" could mean a lot of things.
320k MP3s obviously sound much better than the 128k MP3s and would be harder to pick out. If we are specifically talking about 320k MP3s then my answer is "it depends".
If the song in question was heavily compressed during recording or mastering, crushing most of the headroom, killing the frequencies above 12-14khz and brickwalling the sound, and the test is performed on low-quality equipment (earbuds or desktop PC speakers), then it would be admittedly difficult. And again, this type of over-compression in modern recording is becoming ever-more prevalent.
However, on a decent stereo or set of headphones, OR with a recording that was not murdered, then yes I can tell the difference. Mostly in the headroom and space of the sound. There's a "closed in" or "small space" feeling that the music gets when subjected to this type of compression. Even if the recording was "brickwalled", the sound will be different than the way MP3s sound. The high end won't get cut off so badly and the mastering compression used tends to leave less non-tonal sounds in the music.
The music itself makes a difference, too. Some artists make great use of dynamic, some don't. Some music is airy, with lots of space and resonance, some isn't. Music that is more dynamic and airy, recorded with good equipment, mastered well, and with lots of headroom is going to suffer a lot more than a death metal recording that was brickwalled to begin with.
So ... Metallica's "Death Magnetic" on a set of WalMart earbuds? No ... I can't tell the difference. At least not without a really good stereo, and even then it would be tough to do.
Tool's "Lateralus" ... yep ... I can tell the difference even with the aforementioned WalMart earbuds. The space, headroom, and dynamic are completely crushed out of it on the MP3 version.
Again, I'm not going to turn the music off or complain about it because the dynamic and headroom got killed if it's a good tune anyways. If the song is rockin ... let it rock. But, given the choice, when listening to my favorite music, I prefer to have the dynamics and headroom in tact.
"Some people say cucumbers taste better pickled" - Dave Chappell