Also a lot of guys sand down old stems to remove deoxidation this can lead to what you are posting about. I prefer to just clean them rather than sand to avoid the wear.
For some reason this fire never goes out.
Oxidized material---whether the red rust of ferrous metal, the white powder of aluminum, or the "green" of vulcanite---
IS NO LONGER WHAT IT ONCE WAS AT THE ATOMIC LEVEL. It must be mechanically removed. It can NOT be changed back.
Meaning there are no chemical processes/tricks to "clean" vulcanite, or dissolve the green off the surface like it's something Mother Nature added. It's not an additional layer like paint.
The result? All "polishing" is just superfine sanding. In every case, once you're "back to black", the piece of material is dimensionally smaller than it originally was.
The only difficulty is not leaving visual clues that the material removal/dimensional shrinkage occurred.