I love when one of these "economic" threads pop up. They are entertaining. the usual gang of players can be counted upon to replay their standard repertoire. Lots of trees, not much forest.
Lees professor's lesson is essentially correct. Long term steady investment in markets results in a tidy nest egg at retirement. Period.
"Markets are fixed" Sure they are, and always have been through human history. That's part of human nature, looking for an advantage, best of all an unearned one. But for a scam to work long term it needs to spread the wealth enough to keep the customers returning. So insiders make a pot load and outsiders who are disciplined do well over time. The the customers, who make the insiders very, very wealthy, keep coming back.
"Gold has inherent worth." Baloney. Gold has no more "inherent" worth than anything else. Its just atoms. But belief and physical attraction have brought about a decision to make it valuable, same with silver, same with platinum, etc, etc. Of course, staying tied to a limited supply standard would have put severe restraints on capital growth, so it had to go, and we have the paper economy, which works by agreement that screwing with it too much will not go well. Easier to tweak than a gold based economy, with less depressions, panics, etc, just steady erosion of buying power to take care of pesky things like raises. And it's easier to print more and more of it.
"Housing bubble" Sorta. Problem is that over the past 40 years, governments, Federal, State, and Local, have been ignoring warnings of housing shortages and what building has been done is a fraction of what needed to be done. Add to that the "free money"mortgage rates of the 12 years following the 2008 Great Recession, and there not much stock available on the market. Supply and demand. There not enough supply, so this "bubble" has a long way to go before it pops, if it pops.
In any event, stock and real estate, actual real stuff, is where you have a possibility of growing some wealth if you're not the entrepreneurial type.
The big crisis the average amount of savings in my age group isn't enough to cover basic costs like food and shelter, much less medical care. They are screwed.