Wait, the OP didn't mention those people either. So, whose "working in" names? Ha ha! Oh yeh, third post down, my bad.
Because of the way they're used and shaped, only a handful of materials have been found suitable for use as pipe stems. Vulcanite, acrylic, and (quite recently) something called "Juma".But, you are also wrong on pricing and quantity. Getting parts made, especially in plastics, is cheap as hell. Look in the back of any Crafts in America magazine. And, on e you pit yourself out there in the field, the Chinese and Indian manufacturors will start pounding at your door with all sorts of deals.
I certainly wouldn't put them in a lower class, but they're not small batch producers pricing entry level at 4 figures either. Gracik has the rep as one of the top carvers world wide, and his pipes sell for very respectable prices.Ha ha, I've never heard of any of them people. So Nording and Tinsky are in a lower class?
Shekita is Ukrainian. Gracik - J Alan - is American.I'll have to look these guys up. What country are they from?
Pipes being sold for $150 or less would have to be using machined parts or there would be little to no profit in making them. A well crafted stem can be as much work, or more, than shaping the bowl.
I didn't take your post as criticism. I was never a connoisseur of stems until my first Rad Davis pipe. I had owned a number of Formers, Rainer Barbi's, Balleby's, Matzhold's in the early 2000's and not a one of their stems matched a Rad so price doesn't always get you the best stems. Back then the buttons on said pipes above that I owned were not as pronounced as pipes today and therefore not as comfortable. I also know some didn't smooth out the inside of their stems so there was no turbulence which leads to a wet smoker.I wish I were as great a connoisseur as you are, cigrmaster. Unfortunately my expectations regarding pipe stems are not as particular as yours, and I clearly I don't mean that as a criticism.