Like jpm', I've seen some 18th Century clay pipes, mostly in pieces, in museums. They are a standard artifact that turns up with pottery for cooking and storing food.
I've seen photos of European Meerschaums with early 19th century dates carved on them. The oldest pipes I have are probably 1880s-90s. American pipes can be hard to date without them being marked in some way.
I believe I dated this Calabash at 1908. Gifted to me by a special friend. I almost traded it, glad I didn't. Stem was replaced. Possibly was amber originally and broke.
Here is a much repaired meerschaum 'cutty' pipe from the early 1860s. Note the silver band around the bowl to compensate for a hairline crack along with the other extensive repairs all of which were undertaken between 1860 and 1895 based on the hall mark dates. The angle of the bowl also helps in dating this pipe although the manufacturer is lost to time it is either an Austrian or French carver but was sold through a London tobacconist based on the fact that it was acquired from a flea market in London and had been found in a house clearance close to were it was purchased.