Briar is number one in longevity without a doubt. It handles the abuse of high heat and repeated heating and cooling better than any other wood. The alternative woods are woods that also take high heat, and don't impart toxic or unpleasant by-products into the smoke, but overall they won't take the same abuse with the same grace that a briar pipe will.
You may have a briar pipe and another of pear or morta that have both been smoked to hell and back and hold up for several lifetimes. But, you will find a much higher mortality rate overall for the alternative woods.
For example, it's really common to find old Ropps on Ebay with splits and cracks when they've been smoked hard. You'll also find a metric ton of them with no issues whatsoever. But percentage wise, I think you'll find a higher mortality rate than the same number of briar pipes.
In a nutshell;
Olive, Pear, Cherry, other Fruitwoods: These are pipes cut from the tree itself, so have a regular pattern of growth rings. The grain being orderly means that strengths and weaknesses are evenly distributed. As strong as the grain is in one direction, it is equally as weak in another. I think this is what makes them prone to cracks as the material expands and contracts over time; that stress is especially felt in the weak zones inside the grain.
Briar and Strawberry Burl: Part of the strength of this material is that the grain structure itself is disorderly. It's like a stack of flat paper versus a piece of cardboard in some ways. Instead of a stack of papers all laid out the same way, you have some pieces going one way, some going another. I don't mean the visible grain as much as the structure itself. This may even out the stress of heating and cooling in some ways, instead of channeling expansion directly to weak spots in a regularly grained wood.
Briar burl (and probably Strawberry Tree) has a super high level of silicon and other minerals compared to other woods, and this likely another part of the magic heat resistance.
Now strawberry tree, madrone, mountain laurel, they are all in the same family as Briar. As long as the pipes are made from the burl of the tree, not the wood, they will likely smoke similarly. I've used Strawberry Tree quite a bit and like it a lot. It is lighter than briar and can make wild and beautiful sandbasts. It is also softer than briar, so probably wouldn't take a lifetime of being smoked to death day in and day out like briar can. It is a wood with a sweet taste to it, and may smoke some blends differently than the same in a briar pipe, but will be similar once broken in. I like it mainly for the light weight, and the amazing blasts.
Morta is semi-fossilized Oak. It is prone to the same issues as other evenly grained wood, but is compensated somewhat by its high mineral content. There is a wide range of age and conditions with Morta. Some wood will influence the taste of your tobacco more than others. I do use Morta, and once you're aware of its shortcomings, it is fun to work with. You just have to search a block for any hint of a split or crack before starting.
Olive will impart a bit of an Olive flavor to your smoke until broken in, and may smoke specific blends differently than briar will. Overall though much the same as briar when broken in. Just some extra care to not smoke it too hot all the time, and let it rest a bit more than briar. The number one reason for using olive in my opinion is that it can just be so beautiful. Theres nothing else is the wood world with quite the same look as good Olive.
That's all the woods I have experience with. Briar is the best, but there are good reasons to pick a pipe made from other wood. As long as you take a bit more care to not abuse them, all of the "accepted" woods should make good pipes, and may bring you a new experience from familiar blends.